![]() It is based on the principle of national solidarity and relies on a public–private partnership between the insurance industry and the French State as its guarantor (Nussbaum 2015). 82-600 of 13 July 1982, a national risk transfer scheme. In 1982, France made the political choice to establish, through the Act No. 1.1 The French Natural Disaster Compensation Scheme With the upward trend of reported damages and the expected increase in frequency and intensity of extreme events related to climate change (IPCC 2014), French insurance companies are getting increasingly involved in risk assessment and prevention enhancement. Insurance companies in France play a central role in the compensation of damages caused by natural hazard-induced disasters. ![]() According to the press release of 4 July 2017 by the German reinsurer Munich Re, 2016 was the costliest year since 2012, with 167 billion Euros of damages worldwide related to natural hazard-induced disasters. The French insurance industry is increasingly concerned about natural hazard-induced disasters. This confirms the need to take prevention into account in flood risk assessment. The resulting scores for individual PAPIs, as local risk coping capacity indicators, show great variance ranging from 8 to 324 points. (2) The ratings of actions were applied to each PAPI according to their implemented actions. This appears even sounder as individual actions show relatively limited effectiveness. The results show the importance of implementing an integrated strategy that particularly emphasizes land use planning and urban planning. ![]() ![]() The analysis consisted of two steps: (1) We conducted an expert valuation using the Analytic Network Process and the Analytic Hierarchy Process, aiming at creating an experimental national rating system. A database of all intended actions in the 145 launched PAPIs was constructed and the actions were coded (88 codes). This study identified Action Programs for Flood Prevention (Programme d’Action pour la Prévention des Inondations-PAPI) as the key French public policy instrument: they provide an overview of the diversity of actions that are conducted locally at the relevant risk basin scale. To promote preventive actions as well as to take them into account in flood risk assessment, insurers have recently expressed the need to develop a rating system of preventive actions. French insurance is part of a public–private partnership with the French State to compensate flood-related damages, and there is growing concern among insurers about damaging climatic events. ![]()
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